研究目的：科学认知耕地的概念和内涵，从耕地保护的内容、主体和措施等维度探索构建耕地系统保护体系，为新时代耕地资源利用与管理提供理论依据。研究方法：文献综述法、理论分析法和综合分析法。研究结果：（1）耕地是人—地复合的历史经济综合体，是自然生态环境和社会经济活动综合作用形成的、具有适宜耕作条件且以种植农作物为主的土地。（2）从立体视角看，耕地可划分为耕作层、利用层和管理层。其中，耕作层是耕地生产能力的核心载体；利用层较易发生变化，且容易受到管理政策等的影响；管理层变化相对缓慢，且具有一定的滞后性。（3）耕地的内涵包括自然耕层的完整性、利用经济的可行性和管理政策的科学性，其核心是具有完整的耕作层和粮食产出能力。（4）基于耕地的概念和内涵，从保护内容、主体和措施三个维度，分别构建三位一体综合保护、多元主体协同保护、立体统筹并举保护的耕地系统保护框架，旨在从多维协同视角推进耕地系统保护。研究结论：注重耕地完整的耕作层和粮食产出能力，兼顾利用经济的可行性和管理政策的科学性，以此为基础构建耕地的系统保护体系，有利于基于耕地不同层次的基本特征，因地制宜地开展耕地利用与保护，为推动我国耕地保护政策优化提供理论支撑。
Abstract:
The purposes of this study are to scientifically understand the concepts and connotations of cultivated land, to explore the construction of a systematic protection system of cultivated land from the content, subject and measures, and to provide the theoretical basis for the utilization and management of cultivated land resources in the new era. The research methods include literature review, theoretical analysis and comprehensive analysis. The results show that: 1） cultivated land is a historical economic complex of human and land, is formed by the comprehensive effect of natural ecological environment and socio-economic activities, and has suitable cultivation conditions mainly for planting crops. 2） From a three-dimensional perspective, cultivated land can be divided into cultivation layer, utilization layer and management layer. Cultivation layer is the core carrier of cultivated land with production capacity. The utilization layer is prone to change and is easily affected by management policies. The change of management layer is relatively slow with certain lag. 3） The connotations of cultivated land include the integrity of natural plough layer, the feasibility of economic utilization and the scientificity of management policies. The core is to have a complete plough layer and grain output capacity. 4） Based on the concepts and connotations of cultivated land, the protection framework of cultivated land system is constructed from the aspects of the content, subject and measures, including trinity comprehensive protection, multi subject collaborative protection and three-dimensional overall protection, to realize the systematic protection of cultivated land from the perspective of multi-dimensional coordination. In conclusion, focusing on the complete cultivation layer and grain output capacity of cultivated land, considering the feasibility of utilization economy and the scientificity of management policy, and building a systematic protection system of cultivated land are conducive to undertaking targeted utilization and protection of cultivated land according to the basic characteristics of different levels of cultivated land and providing theoretical support for optimizing cultivated land protection policy in China.
